Trafficking in Persons Report 2008:
The following areas are special cases for human trafficking. These governments all need to take the steps to enact anti-human trafficking legislation, enforce the statutes, and provide better protection for the victims of human trafficking.
The Bahamas may be experiencing a labor trafficking problem as there is a significant number of undocumented migrants present. It may be a transit and destination spot for men, women, and children trafficked for froced labor and commercial sexual exploitation purposes.
Barbados remains a special case for lack of data on human trafficking, though they have shown effort through prosecuting some trafficking suspects and taking preventive action. It may be a transit and destination spot for men, women, and children trafficked for forced labor and sexual commercial exploitation. A national trafficking concern is that families are facilitating the trafficking of children for what they falsely believe will be better opportunities for their children.
Botswana is also lacking reliable data. Most of this country is uneducated, and does not understand what human trafficking involves. More needs to be done here through the government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to raise awareness and educate the people. It may be a transit point to South Africa, as well as a source and destination for men, women, and children trafficked for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation purposes. Impoverished families will often give their children up to what they believe are better opportunities, but the children rarely receive or are treated they way the parents were promised.
Brunei lacks relevant data, but the volume of legal migrant workers suggests a possible problem with domestic servitude. It is a destination spot for legal migrants, who may occassionally be forced into involuntary servitude, or prostitution for women.
Haiti remains in area of concern as it is the least developed country in the Western Hemisphere, still a country of political transition from the strife it has seen in this decade. It is a source, transit, and destination spot for men, women, and children being trafficked for forced labor and commerical sexual exploitation purposes. As an impoverished country, family's often sell their children to what they think will be a better life for them, but is actually a severe form of human trafficking.
Iraq has remained in political transition for six consecutive years now, and it is hoped their government's effort to combat human trafficking may be assessed in the next report. Evidence shows Iraq remains a source and destination for men and women trafficked for commerical seuxal exploitation and involuntary servitude. Children are also trafficked national and transnationally for commercial sexual exploitation.
Kiribati is lacking hard data, but information seems to suggest a small scale human trafficking problem exists in the commercial sexual exploitation of underage girls for local and foreign fishing vessels.
Kosovo is listed in this report for its lack of an effective government for most of the reporting period. It remains a source, transit, and destination spot for the trafficking of women and children nationally and transnationally for commercial sexual exploitation.
Lesotho lacks significant data, but it is believed it may be a source, and transit country to South Africa for small numbers of women and children trafficked for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. Children may be trafficked nationally for the purposes of cattle herding, domestic servitude, and commercial sexual exploitation.
Namibia lacks reliable data, but it is believed to be a source and destination spot for for trafficked children. Although largely traffciked for prostitution, children are trafficked nationally for domestic servitude, cattle herding, forced agriculture, and possibly vending purposes.
Palau may be a destination for small scale commercial sexual exploitation and involuntary servitude once migrants have relocated here. The magnitude is unknown due to the lack of data.
Solomon Islands may be a destination spot for Southeast Asian women trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation. Women and children may also be trafficked nationally for commercial sexual exploitation, but the data is unclear and lakcing.
Somalia lacks a central government, making it difficult to obtain reliable data. It is believed to be a source, transit, and destination point for various kinds of trafficking of men, women, and children. Nationally, certain Somalian groups viewed as inferior may be forced into involuntary servitude, women and children may be forced into commercial sexual exploitation, and children may be forced into armed militias. This country is also faced with the problem of families putting their children into the trafficking arena. Somali women are trafficked to the Middle East for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation purposes. Somali men are often trafficked to the Gulf States for forced labor. Somali children have been trafficked to Djibouti, Malawi, and Tanzania for commercial sexual exploitation and exploitative child labor purposes. Somalia remains a transit country for women trafficked to the Middle East for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation, and men trafficked for forced labor on fishing boats off the Somalian coast.
Swaziland lacks reliable data, and remains uneducated about the complexities and severity of human trafficking. It is a source, transit, and possible destination spot for women and children trafficked for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation purposes. Women and girls may be trafficked to South Africa and Mozambique for domestic servitude and commercial sexual exploitation, and boys for forced agriculture and vending. Mozambican women may be victims of commercial sexual exploitation, or being trafficked to South Africa; the boys may be working low-skilled jobs, but were probably victims of trafficking.
Tonga lacks any relevant or reliable data, but some isolated reports show small scale trafficking of women and girls for commercial sexual exploitation, and some instances of forced labor.
Tunisia lacks substantial data, but it is a transit country for North and sub-Saharan Africans migrating to Europe, who may be victims of trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation or domestic servitude. It may be a source of national child trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation and domestic servitude.
Turkmenistan is not listed in the report due to insufficient data, but it is believed to be a source country for women trafficked for domestic servitude and commercial sexual exploitation, men trafficked transnationally for forced labor purposes, and women trafficked nationally for commercial sexual exploitation and involuntary servitude.
The following areas are special cases for human trafficking. These governments all need to take the steps to enact anti-human trafficking legislation, enforce the statutes, and provide better protection for the victims of human trafficking.
The Bahamas may be experiencing a labor trafficking problem as there is a significant number of undocumented migrants present. It may be a transit and destination spot for men, women, and children trafficked for froced labor and commercial sexual exploitation purposes.
Barbados remains a special case for lack of data on human trafficking, though they have shown effort through prosecuting some trafficking suspects and taking preventive action. It may be a transit and destination spot for men, women, and children trafficked for forced labor and sexual commercial exploitation. A national trafficking concern is that families are facilitating the trafficking of children for what they falsely believe will be better opportunities for their children.
Botswana is also lacking reliable data. Most of this country is uneducated, and does not understand what human trafficking involves. More needs to be done here through the government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to raise awareness and educate the people. It may be a transit point to South Africa, as well as a source and destination for men, women, and children trafficked for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation purposes. Impoverished families will often give their children up to what they believe are better opportunities, but the children rarely receive or are treated they way the parents were promised.
Brunei lacks relevant data, but the volume of legal migrant workers suggests a possible problem with domestic servitude. It is a destination spot for legal migrants, who may occassionally be forced into involuntary servitude, or prostitution for women.
Haiti remains in area of concern as it is the least developed country in the Western Hemisphere, still a country of political transition from the strife it has seen in this decade. It is a source, transit, and destination spot for men, women, and children being trafficked for forced labor and commerical sexual exploitation purposes. As an impoverished country, family's often sell their children to what they think will be a better life for them, but is actually a severe form of human trafficking.
Iraq has remained in political transition for six consecutive years now, and it is hoped their government's effort to combat human trafficking may be assessed in the next report. Evidence shows Iraq remains a source and destination for men and women trafficked for commerical seuxal exploitation and involuntary servitude. Children are also trafficked national and transnationally for commercial sexual exploitation.
Kiribati is lacking hard data, but information seems to suggest a small scale human trafficking problem exists in the commercial sexual exploitation of underage girls for local and foreign fishing vessels.
Kosovo is listed in this report for its lack of an effective government for most of the reporting period. It remains a source, transit, and destination spot for the trafficking of women and children nationally and transnationally for commercial sexual exploitation.
Lesotho lacks significant data, but it is believed it may be a source, and transit country to South Africa for small numbers of women and children trafficked for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. Children may be trafficked nationally for the purposes of cattle herding, domestic servitude, and commercial sexual exploitation.
Namibia lacks reliable data, but it is believed to be a source and destination spot for for trafficked children. Although largely traffciked for prostitution, children are trafficked nationally for domestic servitude, cattle herding, forced agriculture, and possibly vending purposes.
Palau may be a destination for small scale commercial sexual exploitation and involuntary servitude once migrants have relocated here. The magnitude is unknown due to the lack of data.
Solomon Islands may be a destination spot for Southeast Asian women trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation. Women and children may also be trafficked nationally for commercial sexual exploitation, but the data is unclear and lakcing.
Somalia lacks a central government, making it difficult to obtain reliable data. It is believed to be a source, transit, and destination point for various kinds of trafficking of men, women, and children. Nationally, certain Somalian groups viewed as inferior may be forced into involuntary servitude, women and children may be forced into commercial sexual exploitation, and children may be forced into armed militias. This country is also faced with the problem of families putting their children into the trafficking arena. Somali women are trafficked to the Middle East for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation purposes. Somali men are often trafficked to the Gulf States for forced labor. Somali children have been trafficked to Djibouti, Malawi, and Tanzania for commercial sexual exploitation and exploitative child labor purposes. Somalia remains a transit country for women trafficked to the Middle East for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation, and men trafficked for forced labor on fishing boats off the Somalian coast.
Swaziland lacks reliable data, and remains uneducated about the complexities and severity of human trafficking. It is a source, transit, and possible destination spot for women and children trafficked for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation purposes. Women and girls may be trafficked to South Africa and Mozambique for domestic servitude and commercial sexual exploitation, and boys for forced agriculture and vending. Mozambican women may be victims of commercial sexual exploitation, or being trafficked to South Africa; the boys may be working low-skilled jobs, but were probably victims of trafficking.
Tonga lacks any relevant or reliable data, but some isolated reports show small scale trafficking of women and girls for commercial sexual exploitation, and some instances of forced labor.
Tunisia lacks substantial data, but it is a transit country for North and sub-Saharan Africans migrating to Europe, who may be victims of trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation or domestic servitude. It may be a source of national child trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation and domestic servitude.
Turkmenistan is not listed in the report due to insufficient data, but it is believed to be a source country for women trafficked for domestic servitude and commercial sexual exploitation, men trafficked transnationally for forced labor purposes, and women trafficked nationally for commercial sexual exploitation and involuntary servitude.
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